Orthotics are shoe inserts intended to correct an abnormal, or irregular, walking pattern. They are designed to make standing, walking, and running more comfortable and efficient by slightly changing the angle of the foot as it hits the ground. Podiatrists prescribe orthotics as a first treatment option or after certain types of foot surgery. Their relief and treatment success also adds to their high use. Orthotics take many different forms and are constructed using different materials. All of the types aim to improving foot function and reducing stress forces on the foot to prevent foot deformity and pain. Orthotics fall into three broad categories: those that attempt to change foot function, those made primarily to protect, and those that combine change of function and protection.
Rigid orthotics are designed to control the function of the foot while in a walking or dress shoe. They are made of a firm material like plastic and made from a plaster of mold of the individual foot. Rigid orthotics are long enough to go from the sole of the heel to the ball or toes of the foot. These orthotics are used to control motion in two major foot joints located below the ankle joint. They are long lasting, do not change shape, and are difficult to break.
Soft orthotics are meant to help absorb shock, increase balance, and to take pressure off uncomfortable spots of the foot. Constructed of soft, spongy materials, this orthotic is molded by the action of a walking foot or created from a mold of the foot. The advantage of soft orthotics is that they may be easily adjusted to changing weight-bearing forces. Their disadvantage is a shorter lifespan and they must be periodically replaced. Due to their spongy nature, they are particularly effective for arthritic and deformed feet where there is a loss of protective fatty tissue and diabetic feet.
The last type of orthotics, called semirigid orthotics offer dynamic balance of the foot while walking or playing sports. Each orthotic is made specifically for each individual athlete and sport they participate in. The orthotic helps guide the foot through proper functions, helping the muscles and tendons perform more efficiently. The typical semirigid orthotic is made of layers of soft material, reinforced with more rigid materials.
If you are using orthotics, below is a list of a few tips.
- Wear shoes that work well with your orthotics, your podiatrist can tell you which shoes are best.
- Before buying a new pair of shoes, try them on using your orthotics. Also remember to wear socks similar to those you plan on using the shoes with.
- Make sure to schedule and go to your follow-up appointment with your podiatrist. It is very important to make sure your feet and orthotics are functioning properly together.